RELIGION The Russian Eastern Orthodox Church (REOC) wasestablished in Russia around 988 A.D. (*KEY*) It was the solestable governing body from this time until the Mongols arrived;(*KEY*) afterward, it greatly strengthened during the Mongolianoccupation (1235-1460) as a compliant facilitator. At almost exactlythe same time as the end of Mongol occupation, 1462, The GreekEastern Orthodox Church, the originator of the faith, disappearedwith the fall of its capital Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the Turks. This was a real heyday for the REOC, as now not only was it at theheight of its power in Russia but it then as well became the seat ofthe ENTIRE religion, with its capital in Moscow. Its disproportionateinfluence and power over the monarchy and its land ownershipgrew unabated until Peter the Great reined in the Church inconsiderably during his rule (1696-1725). After this, the Church andthe Monarchy coordinated together to adapt to societal changes yetmaintain control together. Things started to change in the 1860’sfor 4 reasons: 1. The freed serfs became land owners and thus abit more worldly and independent. 2. The basic tenets of populismand socialism began to appeal to the few educated people,regardless of class or social stature, especially those under 30. 3. Writers like Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy were questioning the value offaith with such: If God is so great, why do innocent children die? 4) Darwinism and evolutionary theory. REO Christianity is anintensely personal faith compared to Western Christianity, so thesethings had more of an effect on those affected individuals. Herewe must back up to the reign of Catherine the Great (1762-1796)and her land accumulations which gathered up well over 90% ofEurope’s Jewish population. This began a hate-hate relationshipbetween Russians and Jews that continues to this day. There werelots of Polish Catholics in Catherine’s grouping as well, and themost dissident of those were exiled to Siberia after uprisings in the1830’and 1860’S. They have been almost universally been bredinto extinction, but churches still do exist there. Back to the mid-late 1800’s and the colonization of Central Asia: Muslim territory. Some Jews, Catholic Poles, and Muslims tried to assimilate but ingeneral, (*KEY*) Russians tend to be highly racially discriminatory. Marxism erupts in the 1870’s. The industrial revolution’s growingproletariat and urban masses were outpacing REOC expansion,
while the close relationship between the REOC and the ever-more-detestedMonarchy weakened its bonds with the masses. Revolutionaries targeted theREOC and the Tsar equally. Many Jews were instrumental in affecting theGreat Socialist Revolutions of 1905 and 1917-18, which abruptly and effectivelyended the REOC in Russia until 1991. Jewish people, maintaining a low profile, have maintained their influence on Soviet society and beyond to this day,though starting in the 1980’s many began immigrating to Israel and the U.S.A. Muslims generally stayed in the lands of their ancestors until 1991, after whenmany moved to The Russian Federation seeking migrant work. In 1991, manyREOC restoration drives were begun, with Church rebuilding being mostly beingfunded by the new Russian Federation. What has been more difficult is getting people to revisit the faith, since 3+ generations born since 1918 were deniedaccess to it. Many Russians now simply wear a chain/cross and visit churchperiodically, stating belief in God in general. Even though the post-1991governments have tried to position themselves as anti-socialist and pro-church,very few people believe them. Chinese people are having the similar problemswith their government’s position on Buddhism. Regarding Serbia and its special link to Russia: it is a very strong link, indeed, which predates REOCcompletely, going back thousands of years to the times when agriculturistsdrove hunter/gatherers off of the WesternEuropean plains. Serbia is a high spotgeographically and has always been bridgedto Russia nationality-wise. The REOC onlymakes the bond stronger: Their mutual Pan-Slavism and the views regarding thegreatness of the Slavic race, oiled andlubricated by the REOC, make the link thatmuch stronger. On Asian faiths, and Asians ingeneral: Russians and Asians hate each other but this has nothing to do with religion, sincethere are very few practitioners of Asianfaiths in Russia. This subject will be dealt within the Culture section. Note: There havebeen many missionaries from many faiths inRussia since 1991, but they have all failed.