CRIME AND BLACK MARKETS These subjects require separate treatment because they are not, like in western economies, merely a footnote. They must be considered with impartiality and fairness, and not criticized as being different to western models. They have evolved out of the crisis period of 1929- 1940 and constantly adapted under the unique evolved Russian hunter- gatherer mindset. They pervade every aspect of Russia society, every facet of its economy, and are involved in all domestic and international affairs. These are represented in the highest art form in Russia. They are the most advanced, the most sophisticated, the most creative and the most adaptive because of their all-pervasiveness and total lack of accountability. It is an incredible feat to have these systems represent 80% of all economic activity. Regular crimes of the masses (murder, etc.) are of little financial significance inside of Russia, since poor people can’t do much to other poor people, and the few middle class (mostly bureaucrats) and rich are protected by the uniformed types. So, it is usually alcohol or drug- related. It’s main negative is on population growth, as it affects a disproportionately large number of young men in negative ways that remove many from most ladies’ desirable gene pool. Internationally, however, this is big business; it will be treated in the Mafia section. Even though prostitution domestically is illegal, its practice is open and widespread. Gambling has had a very negative influence on the poor and thus their families, so a decision has been made to consolidate activity at 4-5 main centers, spread many kilometers apart, sanctioned and closely monitored by the government for the use of the middle and upper classes. Regular crime and enforcement represents less than 1% of the economy. In the most important white-collar non-physical category, blackmail, extortion (EXCEPT for the form of property insurance in which if a fee isn’t paid to “protect” it, it will be destroyed: Russians call this KRIHSHA, or roof), racketeering and such aren’t a big deal, since crime is the norm and not the exception---these aren’t needed. The main action is bribery, which constitutes roughly 80% of the economy, and with said activity being conducted by a mere 7% of the population. So, if Russia’s overall activity yearly were 1.3 trillion, about almost a trillion of that would be bribery…big numbers. To do this well and survive takes great skill. The few practitioners are the approximately (numbers based on U.S. Dollars) 60 billionaires, 200,000 millionaires, and most of the roughly 9 million
others whose monetary worth is somewhere between 80,000- 1,000,000 (mostly bureaucrats) in a country of 130,000,000. The greater the wealth means the higher the amount of bribing. The great proportion of their success has depended on their ability to bribe well. Those who don’t suffer consequences like being forced to immigrate (symbolized by Boris Berizovsky) or by being jailed (symbolized by Michael Khodorkovsky). These folks just didn’t give Mr. Putin what he felt was his fair share. That doesn’t mean just Mr. Putin---it means his entire distribution network from the highest federal level down to the lowest civil level, aptly created over the last 10 years and called the One Russia Party. This name One Russia Party is often joked about in Russia as being called The “We are eating Russia Party” because in Russia, the two phrases sound almost the same. Of course, Mr. Putin and his team aren’t the only ones receiving bribes, but they get the lion’s share, about 70%, or 700 billion annually based on the above budget. This activity, in Russian, is called black market activity not because there is any market, per se, but because the activity is unaccounted for, non-recorded, and is done by compunction. As mentioned in another section, about 30% of the bribery total, or 300 billion, comes from international firms doing business in Russia. The other 700 billion comes from Russians bribing Russians. In the west, taxes are paid to governments. In Russia, bribes are paid to people down a long distribution chain. Even then, there aren’t nearly as many exchanges of capital/turns as in western countries, with so few spending so much and the masses spending so little, but still it’s pretty impressive. There is a real black market (imported manufactured goods, etc.: relatively trivial money-wise) which melds with the white- collar one. Almost all imported goods are under strict control of One Russia. First comes customs payment (bribe) and then a Russian equivalent of a 3-4 stage wholesale-retail distribution in which bribes are paid each time instead of taxes. The case against Khodorkovsky outlined the system very clearly: not to pay taxes is criminal, and of course, it’s easy to verify that the government receives very little in tax revenue---so EVERYONE and EVERY ENTITY is criminal. Russians learned during the Soviet Union never to trust the government, and that nothing should ever be given to it. So by definition, criminality is legal. It’s engrained to dislike government, something that began with the negative perceptions of the Tsar in the 1870’s. This is why the masses laugh at Putin for claiming that Khodorkovsky didn’t pay enough taxes. Even Putin himself hasn’t been able to keep a straight face when discussing it at times.